The reappearance of evolution in biology courses proved to be a stimulus for creationists, and their voices and activities increased. At first, only a few creationists were actively involved outside their community, but they proved to be skillful, determined, and effective. For example, the efforts largely of one couple in Texas were sufficient to make the adoption of biology books that discussed evolution extremely difficult in that state. The major voices for creationism were those of ten men with advanced university degrees who in 1963 formed the Creation Research Society and later, in 1972, founded the Institute for Creation Research, an educational institution with faculty, students, and research programs. A pamphlet from the Creation Research Society -- issued at the society's own creation in 1963 -- gave a brief history of the movement, a list of activities, and requirements for membership. The credo of the organization read:

1. The Bible is the written Word of God, and because it is inspired throughout, all its assertions are historically and scientifically true in all the original autographs. To the student of nature, this means that the account of origins in Genesis is a factual presentation of simple historical truths.

2. All the basic types of living things, including man, were made by direct creative acts of God during the creation week described in Genesis. Whatever biological changes have occurred since creation week have accomplished changes only within the original created kinds.

3. The great flood described in Genesis, commonly referred to as the Noachian flood, was a historic event worldwide in its extent and effect.

Two members of the institute, Henry M. Morris (now retired) and Duane Gish, were until recently the principal professional creationists in the United States. They, along with other members of the institute, set the pattern for the activities of the antievolutionists since the 1960s by promoting what they claim is an alternative to the scientific evidence for evolution, namely, creation science. Creation scientists refuse to accept merely on faith that the story of creation in Genesis is true and to ignore the scientific evidence for evolution. Instead, they try to discredit the scientific evidence for evolution and to assemble their own body of scientific evidence to support the P version of creation in Genesis.

The "bible" of the creation science movement is Scientific Creationism, edited by Morris and first published in 1974. It appeared in two editions, a general edition and one for public schools. The general edition discusses the evidence used by evolutionists and suggests that none of it proves that evolution occurred. The concluding chapter of the general edition attempts to present data that prove divine creation and are in full accord with a literal interpretation of the Bible. The public school edition "deals with all the important aspects of the creationist/evolution question from a strictly scientific point of view, attempting to evaluate the physical evidence from the relevant scientific fields. . ."