Educated at a military school, Peron received a commission in the army in 1914. In 1930, he was appointed professor of military history at the Argentine Staff College. In the late 1930s, he visited Italy in order to observe the operations of Benito Mussolini's government. He came away deeply impressed by the efficiency and popular appeal of Italian Fascism.

In 1943, Juan Peron played a key role in an army coup that overthrew the existing government. His reward was the appointment as secretary of labor in 1944, the year in which he met his future wife, Eva Peron. Together Juan and Eva built a strong constituency within organized labor, which formed the core of his victorious campaign for the presidency in 1946. During his first term, his policies in support of the urban working class and domestic industries at the expense of the landowning aristocrats, reinforced by Eva's powerful personal appeal, led to an overwhelming victory in the 1951 election.

However, in the following year, Eva Peron died of cancer, and Peron's policies became increasingly arbitrary and ineffective. Ousted by a military coup in 1955, he moved to Spain, where he lived for the next 18 years. But the Peronist party soldiered on in his absence.

In 1973, after a period filled with social and economic crises, the Peronists were victorious in the national election, and the aged dictator returned to power. Within a year of his return, he died and was succeeded by his third wife, Isabelita, whose indecisive and incompetent regime led to another military coup in 1976.

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