In the last 30 years, the number of new diseases that have jumped from wildlife to humans has increased, and many of these illnesses have proven to be quite harmful to humans. HIV/AIDS, Ebola, Lyme disease, avian flu, swine flu, West Nile virus, monkeypox, and SARS are among them, and scientists are reckoning that future study must closely track animal diseases to be prepared for the possibility that these could transfer to humans.

Because of rapidly changing human behavior and animal ecology, infections are spreading more widely and more quickly than before. The difference in the climate for illness seems to rest in the more dense groupings of animal species, an environment that makes it possible for pathogens to jump among animal types. This environment is unique to modern life. When countries were more sparsely populated, there was ample room for both people and animals, so diseases did not spread among species. Today, scientists report that more than half of all emerging diseases have started in the animal population, and these illnesses have eventually been transmitted to people. These diseases emerge because of changes in human activities, such as wildlife trade and global travel. . .

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