The Anti-Comintern Pact was concluded on November 25, 1936, at Berlin between Germany and Japan. On November 6 of the following year, Italy joined Germany and Japan in the pact. Ostensibly a defensive alliance against the perceived menace of the Soviet-controlled "Communistic International," or Comintern, the document was also the formal basis of the Tokyo-Berlin-Rome Axis, the World War II ideological and military alliance among Germany, Japan, and Italy.

The Bolsheviks formed the Soviet Union in 1922 after the Russian civil war. Through the Communist International, or Comintern, the Soviet Union intended to operate as the center of world revolution, dedicated to the overthrow of capitalism everywhere. The Comintern created a high degree of instability throughout Europe, adding to the instability wrought by the politically and economically punitive Treaty of Versailles in Germany and its former World War I allies. In the 1930s, the Italian fascists and the German Nazis, as well as the Japanese militarists, sought to legitimate themselves, especially in the eyes of the Western democracies, by portraying themselves as united against Soviet expansion. The two Anti-Comintern Pacts defined, albeit vaguely, that unified front. . .

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