During Cousteau's life, his work was attacked in certain quarters as nonscientific. That was somewhat ironic, given the alliance that the Cousteau team had with scientists who often came aboard the Calypso. Notwithstanding the latter criticism, Cousteau earned many national and international awards. In addition to several honorary degrees, he received a number of distinctions, among them the National Geographic Society Gold Medal, 1961; the Boston Museum of Science Bradford Prize, 1965; the Franklin Institute Potts Medal, 1970; the United Nations International Environmental Prize, 1977; the Lindbergh Award, 1982; the Bruno H. Schubert Foundation prize, 1983; the New York Zoological Society Gold Medal, 1985; the U.S. Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1985; the International Council of National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Founder's Award, 1987; induction into the Television Hall of Fame, 1987; the National Geographic Society Centennial Award, 1988; induction into the French Academy, 1989; and the Third International Catalan Prize, 1991.

More than any scientist of his time, Cousteau exposed the effects of pollution on the world's waterways. The organization that he cofounded to preserve the environment, the Cousteau Society, has nearly 300,000 members and boasts branches in several nations. As of 2009, the Cousteau Society is busy turning the Calypso into a museum and raising funds for the construction of Calypso II. In addition to Cousteau's impact on the technical side of underwater exploration, his Aqua-Lung, as well as articles, books, and television series about his undersea exploration, increased public interest in recreational scuba diving.

Perhaps one measure of Cousteau's fame is how he is treated by popular culture. Countless authors and musicians have written and sung about Cousteau's exploits. For instance, American musician John Denver wrote the song "Calypso" as a tribute to the ship and its crew. The 1975 song reached number one on the Billboard charts. . .

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