At times classified as both a percussion instrument and a string instrument, the piano is played by means of a keyboard instrument that produces sound by striking strings with felt hammers. The hammers immediately rebound, allowing the strings to continue vibrating at their resonant frequency. These vibrations are transmitted through a bridge to a soundboard that amplifies them.

Modern pianos come in two basic configurations: the grand piano and the upright piano. Grand pianos have the frame and strings placed horizontally, with the strings extending away from the keyboard.

Despite its relatively recent invention at the beginning of the eighteenth century, the piano has had a rather eventful history since Bartolomeo Cristofori's days. The new instrument remained practically unknown until Francesco Scipione Maffei's encomiastic article inspired the next generation of piano builders, who rapidly appropriated Cristofori's invention. Except for Gottfried Silbermann's prototype, in which the instrument was equipped with a forerunner of the modern damper pedal, all designs were, however, virtually direct copies of Cristofori's original piano.

 Between 1790 and 1860, the piano underwent considerable changes that led to the modern form of the instrument. It became more robust, its sound acquired more power, and its tonal range reached the seven or more octaves found on modern pianos. Other technical innovations included the use of a strong iron frame against the force of string tension, as well as the use of felt hammer coverings instead of layered leather hammers.

Throughout the nineteenth century, the piano repertoire expanded considerably, and Cristofori's invention became one of the most familiar musical instruments of the time. Its versatility was explored by renowned piano composers such as Ludwig van Beethoven, Frederic Chopin, and Franz Liszt, whose music was to some extent also determined by continuing technical innovations on the instrument. As an example, the double escapement action was invented in 1821. This device, which allows a note to be repeated even if the key has not reached its maximum vertical position, facilitates rapid playing. Modern upright and grand pianos attained their present forms by the end of the nineteenth century. Improvements and lower costs made the piano aptly suited not only for public concerts but also for domestic use and solo performance.

Free term papers are not written to satisfy your specific instructions. You can use our professional writing services to buy a custom written research paper, term paper, or essay on Technology at affordable price. CustomTermPapers is the best solution for those who seek help in writing term papers, essays, and research papers related to Technology and other relevant topics.