Carter was a thirty-ninth president of the United States (1977–1981), who subsequently emerged as an international diplomat promoting democracy and a range of charitable causes. James Earl “Jimmy” Carter Jr. was born in Plains, Georgia, and graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1946. Carter, a Democrat, served in the Georgia legislature before being elected governor of the state in 1970. He was elected president in 1976.

Carter’s tenure was marked by economic malaise and renewed tensions during the Cold War, especially after the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Carter sponsored the 1978 Camp David Peace Accords between Egypt and Israel. However, his domestic support was seriously undermined by his management of the Iranian hostage crisis, in which 52 Americans were held by the Iranians for 444 days. Carter was defeated by Ronald W. Reagan in the 1980 presidential election.

After leaving the White House, Carter emerged as an elder statesman and advocate for democracy. In 1982, the former president created the Carter Center, which subsequently helped organize and monitor elections in a range of countries in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. In 1994, President William J. Clinton asked Carter to lead the American negotiating efforts that resulted in the Framework Agreement with North Korea. That year, Carter also conducted talks with Haiti’s military regime in an effort to avoid American intervention. Through the 1990s, he engaged in a range of private diplomatic efforts (often called “freelance diplomacy” by his critics). While many of his initiatives were praised, the Clinton and George W. Bush administrations criticized the former president on several occasions for interference with formal diplomacy and foreign policy. In 2002, Carter received the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of his humanitarian contributions and efforts to promote global peace. He was a staunch opponent and critic of the 2003 Iraq War.

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