John Deutch was a director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 1995-1996. John Mark Deutch was born in Brussels, Belgium, and moved to the United States as a child. He earned a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering in 1961 and a doctorate in chemistry in 1966 from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.  He subsequently joined the faculty of the university as a chemistry professor. From 1977 to 1980, Deutch worked for the Department of Energy, rising to undersecretary of the department. During the administrations of Ronald W. Reagan and George H. W. Bush, Deutch was appointed to a range of government committees, including the President's Commission on Strategic Forces (1983) and the President's Intelligence Advisory Board (1990–1993).

William J. Clinton had a poor relationship with his first CIA director, R. James Woolsey Jr., who left office in 1995. Deutch was recommended as a replacement by figures who wanted an outsider to undertake reforms of the agency. Deutch was initially hesitant to accept the position, arguing that he was not qualified. However, he was persuaded to accept and went on to be unanimously confirmed by the Senate and took office in May 1995. Deutch, the first Jewish director, attempted to diversify the agency to include more women and minorities. He resigned in December 1996 after 20 months in office, partly because of differences with Clinton over Iraq policy. Deutch returned to academia, again serving at MIT as a chemistry professor.

In 1997, the  CIA launched an investigation when it was revealed that Deutch had unauthorized classified materials on laptop computers that he had been allowed to keep after his retirement. He was stripped of his security clearance, but the Justice Department declined to prosecute Deutch. In 2001, Clinton pardoned Deutch for any crimes related to the incident.

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