John Forbes Kerry earned a degree in political science from Yale University in 1966 and served in Vietnam in 1968–1969, where he was wounded and decorated for bravery. Upon his return from Vietnam, Kerry became a leader of the antiwar movement. In 1984, he was elected to the Senate. Kerry developed a reputation as one of the more liberal members of the Senate and opposed many of the foreign policy actions of the administration of President Ronald W. Reagan. Kerry supported the 1989 invasion of Panama in Operation Just Cause, but opposed military action in the 1991 Persian Gulf War. He also supported free trade initiatives such as the North American Free Trade Agreement.

Kerry initially supported the security policies of the administration of George W. Bush, including the 2001 Patriot Act, Operation Enduring Freedom, and the 2003 Iraq War. Later, however, he came to question the administration's justification for, and management of, the Iraq conflict. Kerry won the Democratic nomination for the presidency in 2004 and adopted a nuanced policy about the Iraq conflict in an effort to appeal to moderate voters. Kerry argued that since the invasion had occurred, the commitment in Iraq became a strategic interest. However, he criticized the Bush administration's management of the post-invasion insurgency.

Bush won the 2004 election 51 percent to 48 percent. Following the balloting, Kerry increased his criticism of the Bush administration's foreign and security policy. In 2006, Kerry worked with moderate senators to force the administration to adjust its treatment of detainees in the war on terror. He declined to seek the Democratic nomination in the 2008 presidential election.

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