Yitzhak Rabin was a prime minister of Israel in 1974-1977 and 1992-1995, under whose leadership significant progress was made in developing a framework for peace in the Arab-Israeli conflict. Rabin was born in Jerusalem and became a soldier in the Haganah paramilitary group on the eve of Israeli independence. He was promoted rapidly and became chief of staff in 1964. Rabin commanded the Israeli military in its dramatic victory in the 1967 Six-Day War. After the conflict, he retired from the Army and in 1968 became ambassador to the United States. Rabin returned to Israel in 1973 and was elected to the Knesset as a member of the Labor Party. From 1984 to 1990, Rabin was minister of defense in successive governments. He redeployed the Israeli troops occupying southern Lebanon to a more compact defensive perimeter and oversaw the response to the Palestinian intifada, or rebellion.

In 1992, Rabin was elected leader of the Labor Party. That year, the party won the largest number of seats in the Knesset and formed the first Labor government in 15 years. Rabin endorsed the Oslo Accords and accepted the principle of "land for peace," in which Israel would turn over territory in exchange for the renunciation of violence by the Palestinians and recognition of the Jewish state. In September 1993, Rabin and Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat exchanged recognitions. Arafat was allowed to return to Gaza and establish a Palestinian government. Some contentious issues, such as the status of Jerusalem, were bypassed for resolution in future negotiations. The prime minister and Arafat shared the Nobel Peace Prize for their peace efforts. In 1994, Rabin signed a peace agreement with Jordan. On 4 November 1995, he was assassinated during a rally in Tel Aviv by a rightwing Jewish extremist who opposed the Oslo Accords.

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