. . . When Diesel died less in 1913, no one could have predicted that manufacturing and industrial developments in the twentieth century would create a demand for a wide variety of diesel engines, especially in the automotive and trucking industries. Modern diesel engines incorporate a number of improvements to the early models developed by Rudolf Diesel. For the layperson, the most obvious improvements involved increased compactness and efficiency in the fuel-injection stages, making possible the use of diesel engines in passenger cars, a trend that began slowly in the 1930's and expanded rapidly in the last quarter of the twentieth century. Although this phenomenon spread mainly in the sport utility and small to mid-range truck market in the United States, in Europe diesel-powered cars would eventually seriously rival gasoline-powered vehicles. The biggest area of performance by diesel engines is associated with heavy work vehicles.

The most obvious impact of diesel power occurred in heavy-duty transport: rail, buses, and powerful semitrailer trucks used in long-distance hauling. Diesel engines for these vehicles have the highest revolutions per minute (rpm) ranges--about 1,200 rpm, compared with 300-1,200 rpm for average vehicle engines. Huge diesel engines, called "cathedral engines," have been used to power large oceangoing ships. . .

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