...Some Japanese homes and restaurants require that shoes be removed. In Ryokan style restaurants, a Yucatan or a kimono robe is usually provided by the restaurant to be worn. The robe should be only wrapped left over right, as only the deceased wear a kimono wrapped right over left. When conducting a meeting, the Japanese feel that punctuality is key. Late comers are considered rude. The Japanese work week consists of 48 hours with no overtime.
During the first 15 minutes of any meeting or conversation, the Japanese consider it proper to be silent. The bow is the most important gesture in Japanese culture. Bows are used for expressing appreciation, making apologies, greetings and farewells. The depth of the bow is also important. When addressing an individual of a higher status, or when the rank of the individual is not known, the bow is low. When addressing an individual of equal rank, a bow at the same height of the other person is suitable. The Japanese consider pointing to be rude. Instead, one should direct the hand towards the person indicated with the palm facing upward. The Japanese also consider direct eye contact as a sign of respect. When shaking hands, the Japanese use a gentle grip.
Brazil is one of the world's largest countries and has a very diverse population. Many factors will affect the communication within such a large group of people. The many ethnic groups and nationalities that exist in Brazil, all with their own languages, dialects, customs and values, make communication difficult. Communication that takes place as a result of business can become difficult to decipher without the proper research on the parties involved. Brazilians are friendly and enjoy socializing and meeting people from other countries.
Brazilian people are fast talkers and consider it rude to break eye contact. Conversation is highly animated. When conversing, it is proper to stand close together and to touch often. Brazilians consider themselves Americans, so using the phrase 'in America' may cause some confusion. In business practices, Brazilians prefer a slow pace. Good-natured small talk is needed before delving into business. Problems are solved according to subjective feelings rather than going by a set of rules or laws. The primary negotiator will take into consideration only the information that is relevant. Business culture is intensely hierarchical. Social class is a major influence in this society, and it often determines what type of job a person will have.
When doing business with Brazilians, there must be an understanding that the business relationship will be long- term. It is considered rude to change the negotiating team, as this is a major breach of Brazilian business protocol. Business attire in Brazil is becoming more casual, but some may refuse to do business with persons dressed inappropriately. In initial meetings with Brazilians, it is advisable to wear dress clothes. It is preferable for men to wear three-piece suits and for women to have an elegant appearance. Lightweight fabrics should be chosen for the sweltering summer. With so many languages and dialects, business communication can be potentially difficult. Barriers to communication, though, will mainly lie with the language differences. Therefore, it is important to have an understanding of the various cultural factors that play a role in communication...

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