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|  Essay, Research Paper: Affirmative Action |
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| However, women have yet to achieve equality in the workplace as the gap in wages continues. Nationally, women earn 74 cents for every dollar earned by men. A National Academy of Science Report found that a significant proportion of these wage gaps could not be explained by factors such as education or work experience. |
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| Term Paper on Affirmative Action » |
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| Essay, Research Paper: Corporate Misconduct: Occupational Health and Safety |
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| Corporations are responsible for the deaths of far more persons than are killed by individuals. Hundreds of thousands of worker and consumer injuries, some of which are deadly serious, are caused by corporate actions. Plant workers may receive injuries in accidents in an unsafe workplace or become ill from a work-related disease; in other cases, consumers of corporate products are hurt directly through unsafe or even dangerous products. In addition, millions of persons may become ill because of industrial air pollution, by improper waste disposal from factories, and through other forms of environmental contamination. Yet the public is far more fearful of street muggers than of polluters and dumpers. People are much less afraid of dying a slow death from air pollution, chemical exposure, or cigarette smoking than of violent injury or death at the hands of a street criminal. One expert asserted that corporate "crimes against health and safety are frightening, shocking and disturbing." (Frank, 1985, p. 84) |
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| Term Paper on Corporate Misconduct » |
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| Essay, Research Paper: Division of Labor and Society |
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| All of the preceding discussion of the division of labor can be summarized by saying that the division of labor increases the efficiency with which man is able to apply his mind, his body, and his nature-given environment to production. It expands his capacity to store and use knowledge, which knowledge it raises to a standard set by the most intelligent members of society. This standard in turn tends to rise higher and higher in each succeeding generation, as creative geniuses again and again enlarge the stock of technological knowledge. The division of labor also increases the degree to which knowledge of production is assimilated, the yield to the time spent in acquiring it, and the efficiency with which it is disseminated. |
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| Essay, Research Paper: Domestic Violence Treatment |
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| Domestic violence as defined by the Illinois Department of Health, is "the violence that occurs when one person causes physical or psychological harm to a current or former intimate partner"(2005). Domestic violence is more then just a husband hitting his wife. Domestic violence, or intimate partner violence as it is also known, can include the children or other family members of the offender. Also, domestic violence is not limited to physical abuse, although that is the most violent and more likely to lead to the arrest of that individual. Domestic abuse can include psychological abuse as well as physical abuse and that can be just as harmful. Domestic violence is the leading cause of injury to women in the United States and can have an especially negative effect on all family members, especially children (Illinois Department of Public Health[IDPH] 2005). |
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| Essay, Research Paper: Drug Abuse |
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| Drug abuse has a wide range of definitions, all of them relating to the use, misuse or overuse of a drug for a non-therapeutic effect. Some of the most commonly abused drugs include alcohol, amphetamines, barbiturates, cocaine, methaqualone, nicotine, opium alkaloids, and minor tranquilizers. Use of these drugs may lead to criminal penalty in addition to physical, social, and psychological harm. |
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| Essay, Research Paper: The Differentiation of Economics from Political Theory |
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| For the most part, early social theory was confined, for its subject matter, to what we now regard as the special province of political theory or political science. It is true that Aristotle composed a book which is sometimes designated as "Economics," though it seems doubtful whether he gave it that title; and it is also true that there are, in the Politics, a few scattered passages relating to topics that we now conceive as the province of the economist. On the other hand, it is quite certain that Aristotle regarded his so-called "Economics" as a work in the field of "practical wisdom" and not a contribution to science at all; and it was in this spirit that economic questions were dealt with, almost exclusively, for two thousand years. When what we now think of as the topics and problems of economics first received some separate, systematic, and reflective attention, they were thought of as special problems of politics and government, a conception reflected in the name that the new science presently came to have--"political economy." The same point of view is indicated by the title of Adam Smith great book The Wealth of Nations. |
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| Term Paper on Economics and Political Theory » |
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| Essay, Research Paper: Frederick Douglass |
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| Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, February 14, 1818 - February 20, 1895) was an American abolitionist, editor, orator, author, statesman and reformer. Called "The Sage of Anacostia" and "The Lion of Anacostia," Douglass was among the most prominent African-Americans of his time, and one of the most influential lecturers and authors in American history. |
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| Essay, Research Paper: The Harlem Renaissance |
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| The Harlem Renaissance was a flowering of African-American social thought and culture based in the African-American community forming in Harlem in New York City (USA). This period, extending from roughly 1920 to 1940, was expressed through every cultural medium—visual art, dance, music, theatre, literature, poetry, history and politics. Instead of using direct political means, African-American artists, writers, and musicians employed culture to work for goals of civil rights and equality. Its lasting legacy is that for the first time (and across racial lines), African-American paintings, writings, and jazz became absorbed into mainstream culture. At the time, it was known as the "New Negro Movement", named after an anthology of notable African-American works entitled The New Negro and published by philosopher Alain Locke in 1925. |
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| Essay, Research Paper: Labeling Theory |
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| Labeling Theory is a sociological approach to explaining how criminal behavior is perpetuated by the police and other "labelers". The theory hypothesizes that the labels applied to individuals influence their behavior, particularly that the application of negative labels (such as "criminal" or "felon") promote deviant behavior, becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy. Consequently, labeling theory postulates that it is possible to prevent social deviance via a limited social shaming reaction in "labelers" and replacing moral indignation with tolerance. Emphasis is placed on the rehabilitation of offenders through an alteration of their label(s). Related prevention policies include client empowerment schemes, mediation and conciliation, victim-offender forgiveness ceremonies, restitution, reparation, and alternatives to prison programs involving diversion. Labeling theory has been accused of promoting impractical policy implications, and criticized for failing to explain society's most serious offences. |
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| Essay, Research Paper: Native Americans |
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| Native Americans (also Indians, First Americans, American Indians, First Nations, First Peoples, Indigenous Peoples of America, Aboriginal Peoples, Aboriginal Americans, Amerindians, Amerinds, Native Canadians, Native Mexicans, Native Guatemalans, etc.) are those peoples indigenous to the Americas prior to European colonization and their descendants in modern times. This term encompasses a large number of distinct tribes, states, and ethnic groups, many of them still enduring as political communities. A comprehensive tribal list can be found under "Classification of Native Americans."
The terms "Amerindian" and "American Indian", both of which are derivatives of "Indian" (as is "Amerind", though this term is more popular in linguistic circles), are not necessarily completely synonymous with "Native American". Although all Amerindians are Native Americans, not all Native Americans are Amerindians. "Amerindian" relates to a mega-group of peoples spanning the Americas that are related in culture and genetics, and are quite distinct from the later arriving Eskimos (Inuit, Yupik, and Aleut peoples native to Alaska and the Canadian Arctic). The latter share their cultural and genetic commonality with other arctic peoples not native to the American continent, such as those from arctic Russian Siberia.
Other indigenous peoples that are native to territorial possessions of American countries but are not specifically "Native American" (in the sense that they are not primarily culturally linked to the actual lands that comprise the American continent) are a diversity of Pacific Islanders including: Native Hawaiians (also known as Kanaka Mâoli and Kanaka 'Oiwi) in the US state of Hawaii, natives of American Samoa (USA) and natives of Easter Island (Chile). |
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| Term Paper on Native Americans » |
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| Essay, Research Paper: The Political Theory of Plato |
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| The political theory of Plato and, to a degree only slightly less, that of Aristotle also may be characterized as the rationalization and idealization of an existing political and social order. As philosopher, Plato is known especially for his so-called idealism, or theory of ideas. Like all philosophers, he engaged in a "quest for certainty," for absolute, final truth; and this endeavor he conceived as an effort to define ultimate reality. His solution of the problem was expressed in the theory that our general ideas or concepts reflect the ultimate reality of things; the apparent variety and change of the world of sense experience is a kind of illusion, due to the fallibility of human nature. |
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| Term Paper on Plato Republic » |
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| Essay, Research Paper: Socialism |
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| From this point on, our discussion of the consequences of price controls becomes a discussion of the consequences of socialism. In studying the consequences of socialism, it does not matter whether we study an economy that has arrived at socialism through price and wage controls or one that has arrived at socialism openly, through the explicit nationalization of all industry. Nor does it matter whether socialism has been brought about peacefully, through lawful processes and the observance of democratic procedures, or by means of a violent revolution; it also does not matter whether the professed goal of socialism is universal brotherly love or the supremacy of a particular race or class. Economically, the system is the same in all these cases: The government owns the means of production and it is the government's responsibility to decide how they are to be used. Consequently, everything we will have to say about socialism will apply to all variants of socialism: to the socialism of the Nazis, to the socialism of the Communists, and to the socialism of the Social Democrats, such as the late Norman Thomas. |
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| Term Paper on Socialism » |
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| Essay, Research Paper: Socialism vs. Capitalism |
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| Just as capitalism - private ownership of the means of production--is indispensable to the existence of a division-of-labor society, so, by the same token, socialism and collectivism are incompatible with the existence of a division-of-labor society. The truth of these propositions is confirmed by the collapse of socialism in Eastern Europe and--how wonderful the words sound - the former Soviet Union. Despite extensive Western aid, economic conditions in the Communist bloc were so bad for so long that finally all hope of improvement under socialism has been abandoned and attempts are now underway to institute private ownership of the means of production and establish a price system. |
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| Term Paper on Socialism vs. Capitalism » |
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