Erna Schneider Hoover's patent application for the electronic switching system (ESS) specifically related to stored program data processing machines that routinely routed incoming phone calls. Specifically, her interest was in developing a software program that would assist the processing under conditions of high stress--periods of high-load conditions in which existing systems tended to break down. To monitor traffic flow, Hoover's software program began by determining a base-level functioning flow--that is, a measure of standard occupancy under which the program could maintain sufficient exercise over calls without malfunction. The system used a particular class of work--both input and output--that the processor performed routinely and repetitively under normal conditions and measured the time interval for performing those tasks. That indication of occupancy was in turn used to control the rate at which new work, or new calls, would be taken into the system for processing.

Of course, the process of looping back and assessing volume was done at great speeds. Essentially, Hoover's software provided a continual overview of traffic flow, monitoring the frequency of incoming calls during the day and then adjusting the acceptance rate when the system entries exceeded the predetermined limit. The system would in turn temporarily relegate the volume of calls that would stress the system into breakdown into "hoppers," or areas of buffered and protected memory within the system designed specifically for such short-term storage.

From that point, the executive control, the brains of the data processing system, determined the order in which the overload data would be fed back into the system, dividing the data into several classes according to urgency of the tasks. The idea was to route pressing calls first and then move on to less urgent concerns such as billing or ordering. That switching system maintained control of the data flow during the period of high input until the system managed itself back to predetermined functioning time. By measuring machine occupancy continually and in turn controlling the number of new numbers permitted into the network, the software program stayed current and actually reacted to unfolding conditions. The executive control would continuously revisit the system until either the hoppers were emptied or the quota for a single visit was reached. Thus, the system monitored itself, maintaining an even distribution of incoming calls without appreciable delays or dropped calls, preventing the surge in data that regularly compromised manual systems. Hoover's system architecture became the foundation for all computer routing programs for private and public telephone systems, thus ushering in the era of telecommunications.

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